Calisthenics are a form of exercise
consisting of a variety of simple, often rhythmical, movements,
generally without using equipment or apparatus. They are intended to
increase body strength and flexibility with movements such as bending,
jumping, swinging, twisting or kicking, using only one's body weight for
resistance. They are usually conducted in concert with stretches. Calisthenics when performed vigorously and with variety can benefit both muscular and cardiovascular fitness, in addition to improving psychomotor skills such as balance, agility and coordination.
Groups such as sports teams and military units often perform leader-directed group calisthenics as a form of synchronized physical training (often including a customized "call and response" routine), in order to increase group cohesion and discipline. Calisthenics are also popular as a component of physical education in primary and secondary schools over much of the globe.
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